Influence of pyrolysis temperature on rice straw biochar properties and corresponding effects on dynamic changes in bispyribac-sodium adsorption and leaching behavior in soil

doi:10.1016/j.pedsph.2022.06.046

Pedosphere

Volume 33, Issue 3, June 2023, Pages 463-478

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedsph.2022.06.046 Get rights and content

Abstract

Bispyribac-sodium is a weakly acidic herbicide with high water solubility and is thus a potential source of groundwater contamination. Considering the risk inherent to the use of this herbicide, this study assessed the impacts of rice straw (RS) and biochar amendments on the adsorption and leaching behavior of bispyribac-sodium in soil. Biochars were produced from RS at different pyrolysis temperatures and characterized using various spectral techniques. Rice straw had a surface area of 3.996 × 10⁴ m² kg^–1, which increased under pyrolysis; biochars prepared at 350 and 550 °C (RS350 and RS550) in a closed furnace with limited oxygen supply had a surface area of 5.763 × 10⁴ and 6.890 × 10⁴ m² kg^–1, respectively, and biochar prepared by purging the pyroformer with N₂ (RSC) had the highest surface area of 12.173 × 10⁴ m² kg^–1. After amendment with RS and biochar, soil Freundlich adsorption capacity (K_Fads) increased to varying extents in the order RSC > RS350 > RS550, from 2.89 × 10³ to 29.57 × 10³ mg¹ ^– ^1/n kg^–1 L^1/n, compared to 1.55 × 10³ mg¹ ^– ^1/n kg^–1 L^1/n in unamended soil. The variability in K_Fads of bispyribac-sodium amongst the RS- and biochar-amended soils was dependent on the surface area of the amendments. The desorption of bispyribac-sodium decreased in the RS- and biochar-amended soils and varied from 90.45% to 95.20% in unamended soils and from 60.95% to 89.50% in amended soils. The adsorption and desorption of bispyribac-sodium varied significantly depending on its concentration and the type and application rate of soil amendment. Different leaching risk evaluation indices, viz., modified leach index (M.LEACH), leach index (LEACH), groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), Hornsby index (HI), leaching index (LIN), and pesticide leaching potential (PLP) index, were used to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to herbicide leaching. To reduce the repetitive effects of common parameters in each index, a new index was developed by employing principal component analysis (PCA) to condense their information into a single ranking. The results of the PCA indicated that RS and biochar amendments could be an effective management practice for controlling the leaching potential of bispyribac-sodium in soil.

Section snippets

INTRODUCTION

Soil is an important resource for agriculture production and provides a suitable basis for biomass production, water flow regulation, C storage, sustaining biodiversity, and maintenance of gas balance in air (Ogbonnaya and Semple, 2013). The continuous loss of soil organic matter is a major environmental issue in many regions around the world (Jones et al., 2011; Sebiomo et al., 2011), as such losses lead to declines in soil quality and agronomic potential and have an effect on global climate

Soil, RS and biochar

Sandy loam soil (56.60% sand, 29.60% silt, and 13.80% clay) was collected from Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab, India. Rice straw was prepared by the method of Sharma et al. (2020). The biochars were produced from RS in a closed muffle furnace with limited oxygen supply (oxygen-limited conditions) by carbonizing RS at 350 and 550 °C for 30 min and designated as RS350 and RS550, respectively. Biochar was also produced from RS by purging the pyroformer with N₂ (nitrogen purging conditions) at

Properties of RS, its biochars and soil used

Physicochemical properties. The selected physico-chemical properties of RS and biochars are given in Table II. The pH of RS increased as pyrolysis temperature increased, due to the loss of acidic functional groups with increases in pyrolysis temperature. Total organic C (TOC) of RS and biochars was 522 and 79–330 g kg^–1, respectively. The lower TOC of RS350 and RS550 (Table II), compared to RSC, arose from the consumption of surface C by the small amount of oxygen present in the muffle furnace.

CONCLUSIONS

The RS biochars were prepared and characterized using XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET, and SEM. Adsorption and desorption of bispyribac-sodium varied significantly with this herbicide's concentration and the type and application rate of soil amendment. The greatest adsorption was observed in SL+RSC, followed by RS550, SL+RS350, SL+RS, and SL, with desorption following the reverse order. Different leaching risk evaluation indices were calculated to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are thankful to Head Department of Agronomy and Head Department of Chemistry, PAU, Ludhiana, India for providing research facilities.

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Influence of pyrolysis temperature on rice straw biochar properties and corresponding effects on dynamic changes in bispyribac-sodium adsorption and leaching behavior in soil

Abstract

Section snippets

INTRODUCTION

Soil, RS and biochar

Properties of RS, its biochars and soil used

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chemosphere

Renew Energ

Chem Eng J

Bioresour Technol

Chemosphere

Chemosphere

Geoderma

Sci Total Environ

Soil Till Res

Micropor Mesopor Mat

Sci Total Environ

Chemosphere

Soil Biol Biochem

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Agric Ecosyst Environ

J Anal Appl Pyrolysis

J Environ Chem Eng

Bioresour Technol

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Chemosphere

Ind Crops Prod

Biomass Bioenerg

Microflora population and physico-chemical properties of soil of potato as influenced by oxyfluorfen 23.5%EC

Univ J Agric Res

Enhanced sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soil amended with biochar

J Soil Sediment

Influence of carbonization temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar derived from slow pyrolysis of durian wood (Durio zibethinus) sawdust

Bioresour

Effect of temperature on biochar properties during paper mill sludge pyrolysis

Int J ChemTech Res

Rice straw biomass to high energy yield biocoal by torrefaction: Indian perspective

Curr Sci