Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization

doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(08)60014-4

Pedosphere

Volume 18, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages 248-256

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(08)60014-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Knowledge of phosphorus (P) behavior in long-term fertilized soils is essential for programming fertilization practices and for sustaining environmental quality. The long-term (1984–1997) effects of various fertilization treatments on P changes and sorption isotherms as well as the relationship of soil properties to P sorption and P forms were evaluated in an Ustic Isohumisol, a calcareous soil, on the Loess Plateau, China. Compared to 1984, after 13 years of crop production, total soil P in the no-P treatments (control and N treatment) decreased by 5%–7%, but in the phosphorus fertilizer alone (P), nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in combination (NP), manure alone (M), and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and manure in combination (NPM) treatments, it increased by 22%, 19%, 28%, and 58%, respectively. Residual fertilizer P was found mainly in NH₄Ac-soluble P (Ca₈-P), followed by NaHCO₃-soluble P (NaHCO₃-P), and NH₄F-soluble P (Al-P). Phosphorus sorption in the soils with different fertilization practices fit the Langmuir equations. Phosphorus sorption capacity in the no-P treatments increased, whereas it decreased in the P-included treatments (P, NP, and NPM treatments). Phosphorus sorption maximum (Q_m) was significantly and negatively correlated to inorganic P including NaHCO₃-P, Ca₈-P, NaOH-Na₂CO₃-soluble P (Fe-P), and Al-P (P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, long-term fertilization increased soil organic carbon in the NP, M, and NPM treatments and decreased pH in the NP and NPM treatments. Thus, the ability of the soil to release sorbed P to the environment increased under long-term P fertilization.

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Cited by (43)

Effects of soil physical and chemical properties on phosphorus adsorption-desorption in fluvo-aquic soil under conservation tillage
2023, Soil and Tillage Research
Conservation tillage has been widely used in the North China Plain to improve the aggregate structure and promote soil organic matter (SOM) retention, which is closely associated with phosphorus (P) turnover. However, a quantitative description of how conservation tillage alters P adsorption and desorption characteristics via affecting soil physical and chemical properties remains lacking. Thus, we conducted a batch experiment using pilot soils that had experienced two tillage regimes (conventional/reduced tillage) and two types of straw management (straw returning/removal) for 13 years. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (Q_m) and adsorption binding energy (K_L) of reduced tillage decreased by 36.2% and 21.5%, respectively, and the average desorption rate (Dr) increased by 14.4% compared with conventional tillage. In addition, the Q_m and K_L of straw returning decreased by 40.5% and 51.9%, respectively, and the Dr increased by 25.2% compared with straw removal. The adsorption capacity of aggregates with different particle sizes showed the order of silt + clay > macroaggregate > / (≈) microaggregate, while the desorption capacity exhibited the opposite trend. Moreover, the Q_m and K_L depicted negative correlations with SOM, total P (TP), Olsen-P, and the mass proportion of macroaggregate. However, they exhibited positive correlations with free aluminum oxides (Al_d), non-crystalline aluminum oxides (Al_o), pH, specific surface area (SSA), and the mass proportion of microaggregate and silt + clay. The Dr was just the opposite with Q_m and K_L. The random forest results indicated that SOM, pH, SSA, TP, Al_d, Olsen-P, and the mass proportion of macroaggregate were the key factors affecting the P adsorption and desorption. The physical and chemical properties collectively explained 80.8% of the total variance, and their interaction made the largest contribution. This study provides insights into how conservation tillage reduced P adsorption potential and promoted P desorption capacity from a physical and chemical perspective and emphasizes the importance of aggregate in the environmental behavior of P, which is of great importance for sustainable agricultural development and protecting food security.
Improved crop yield and phosphorus uptake through the optimization of phosphorus fertilizer rates in an oilseed rape-rice cropping system
2022, Field Crops Research
Citation Excerpt :
The soil Olsen-P content was maintained at a stable level by decreasing the HCl-Pi, indicating that the efficient consumption of the soil HCl-Pi pool was one of the main sources of stabilizing the level of soil Olsen-P. High plant removal of soil P by long-term cultivation could also promote the transformation of stable P (HCl-Pi) into moderately labile P (NaOH-Pi). The Pi from stable P became the main source of crop P uptake in soils with extremely low plant-available soil P levels (Daroub et al., 2001; Guo et al., 2008). The addition of chemical P fertilizers increased soil Pi and resulted in a greater proportion of labile P (Velásquez et al., 2016).
The oilseed rape-rice cropping system is one of the predominant types of paddy-upland cropping systems in East Asia. An optimal phosphorus (P) fertilization strategy is need to enhance the crop yield and the apparent P recovery efficiency (APRE) in the paddy-upland cropping systems. A 2-year field experiment under the oilseed rape-rice cropping system with contrasting P fertilization treatments (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) was conducted in the middle Yangtze River Basin, central China. The crop yield, P uptake, and soil P bioavailability were analyzed. The results demonstrated that P fertilization promoted crop growth; it significantly improved crop yield and shoot P uptake, with enhancements of 185.6–238.9% and 202.7–822.1%, and 5.6–12.2% and 16.4–34.0% for oilseed rape and rice, respectively. The number of pods and panicles per plant was the most strongly affected component of oilseed rape and rice under contrasting P conditions. The best-recommended rates of P fertilizer for optimal seed yield were 57.0 and 41.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ for oilseed rape and rice, respectively. Excessive P fertilization reduced the P harvest index (PHI) and APRE. When the annual P fertilizer input was 90 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹, the apparent P balance (APB) was neutral. P application mainly increased the content and proportion of the labile inorganic P (Pi) pool and the moderately labile Pi pool. Among the multiple soil Pi fractions, the effects of P inputs on the P uptake of oilseed rape and rice were best explained by NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi, respectively. The effective use of soil moderately labile Pi during the rice season reduced the demand for P fertilizer. In conclusion, the oilseed rape-rice cropping system requires the addition of exogenous P fertilizer to achieve a high yield; the optimal P fertilizer management strategy should emphasize P fertilizer input in the upland season based on balanced fertilization.
Earthworm inoculation and straw return decrease the phosphorus adsorption capacity of soils in the Loess region, China
2022, Journal of Environmental Management
Citation Excerpt :
Knowledge of soil P behavior in Loess Plateau, where calcareous soils are widely distributed, is of importance in optimizing fertilization practices and environmental quality regulation. Studies have found that the ability of long-term fertilized soil to release sorbed P to the environment increases over time, and P accumulation leads to reduced P sorption capacity (Guo et al., 2008). Specifically, excessive N fertilization decreases the available and residual P fractions (Mahmood et al., 2021), and surplus P application results in a high P fixation capacity but increases the risk of P loss (Wang et al., 2015).
Loess Plateau is important for maize production in China. Therefore, a good understanding of soil phosphorus (P) behavior in the Loess region is crucial for optimizing fertilization in its agriculture systems. To date, research on factors influencing P adsorption/desorption has mainly focused on fertilization. Widespread application of straw return and increasing soil fauna in agricultural croplands inevitably affect soil P behavior either directly or indirectly in this area. However, less attention has been focused on these effects and their interactions. Here, a field plot experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design to investigate the response of P adsorption–desorption characteristics to the presence/absence of earthworms and straw return. Treatments included: (1) control without earthworms and straw (E0S0); (2) treatment with only earthworms (E1S0); (3) treatment with only straw (E0S1); (4) treatment with both earthworms and straw. The Langmuir model was superior to the Freundlich model in interpreting the P adsorption data and allowed better evaluation of the maximum P adsorption values. The maximal P adsorption, P adsorption affinity constant, and maximum buffer capacity in the earthworm and straw treatments were 2.4–8.3%, 8.3–13.9%, and 2.2–26.3% lower than those in E0S0. The readily desorbable P, standard P requirement, and degree of P saturation increased by 15.6–44.3%, 13.1–23.1%, and 4.4–16.5%, respectively, in earthworm and straw treatments. Additionally, earthworm inoculation and straw return treatments significantly increased total soil P, Olsen P, soil organic carbon, free Fe₂O₃, and CaCO₃ contents and specific surface area of the soil. Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon explained most (14.7%) of the total variation in P adsorption and desorption. These results show that combining earthworm inoculation with straw return can effectively reduce soil P adsorption capacity, increase its P desorption capacity, and thus, increase its available P content. These results provide a scientific basis for improving the utilization efficiency of soil P.
Straw retention coupled with mineral phosphorus fertilizer for reducing phosphorus fertilizer input and improving cotton yield in coastal saline soils
2021, Field Crops Research
Straw return can improve soil nutrient availability, but its interaction with phosphorus (P) fertilizer on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production and soil P availability has rarely been studied. Therefore, we carried out a four-year field trial to evaluate the effects of straw management (retention or removal) with P fertilizer (0, 22, 44, 66, 88 kg P ha^–1) additions on seed cotton yield, cotton P uptake, soil fertility, and P apparent recovery efficiency (PRE) in a continuous barley–cotton rotation system in a coastal saline soil field from 2016-2019. Our results showed that the year and the interaction of P fertilization and straw management had significant effects on seed cotton yield and boll numbers, but there was no significant effects of straw management and the interaction of P fertilization and straw management on seed cotton weight per boll. An increase in P activation coefficient (14-28%) was observed due to the higher soil available P content following straw retention compared to the straw removal. Compared with straw removal, straw retention reduced mineral P fertilization by about 27-38% without affecting seed cotton yield, while increasing PRE by 14‒27% over the four years. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, straw retention reduced the Langmuir P sorption maximum (Q_max) and maximum buffer capacity (BC_max), and also increased the degree of P saturation (DPS), but it did no effect on the soil adsorption equilibrium constant (k). Straw retention significantly decreased the soil Q_max compared to straw removal under 0, 22, and 44 kg P ha^–1, while no significant straw effects were found on Q_max under 66 and 88 kg P ha^–1. Cotton P uptake and seed cotton yield were negatively correlated with the Q_max (P<0.01). Our results suggest that straw return may be a promising management practice to reduce mineral P fertilization without significant loss of seed cotton yield on coastal saline lands.
Effects of different mulching and fertilization on phosphorus transformation in upland farmland
2020, Journal of Environmental Management
Citation Excerpt :
These phosphate-dissolving microorganisms could accelerate the mineralization and decomposition of organic phosphorus (Chen, 2003; Bol et al., 2016; Giri et al., 2018). Previous research works have reported that a part of the active phosphorus Olsen-P applied to the soil is absorbed and utilized by the plant, and some of it is fixed by the soil as insoluble phosphorus, while the remaining part is adsorbed by the soil colloid or aggregate structure (Guo et al., 2008; Lou et al., 2018). This part of the adsorbed phosphorus and the active phosphorus in the soil are in a state of dynamic equilibrium, which could support the phosphorus cycle in the soil.
In the present study, the impact of different soil surface mulching, fertilization on phosphorus mineralization and bio-availability of spring maize at various growth stages and soil layers (0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layer) were evaluated. The results indicated that the contents of total P and Olsen-Phosphorus (Olsen-P) in the soils of 0–20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in the 20–40 cm soil layer at different stages. The addition of organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil total P and Olsen-P content in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The different surface mulching, no mulching (NM), gravel mulching (GM) and film mulching (FM) were significantly affected by the content of Olsen-P in both soil layers during the critical growth period of spring maize. The Ca₁₀–P contents in both soil layers were the maximum in terms of the inorganic phosphorus content in soils with different surface mulching and different fertilization. Surface mulching significantly affected the transformation of inorganic phosphorus in different soil layers of dry-land farmland, and accelerated the increase of Ca₂–P content (first phosphorus source) in 0–20 cm soil layer by GM and FM. In addition, phosphorus combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer increased Ca₈–P (second Olsen-P source) to a certain extent, and reduced the relative content of Ca₂–P (first phosphorus source). Compared with phosphate (P), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) treatments, manure and nitrogen and phosphorus (MNP) treatments increased the contents of Ca₂–P (first phosphorus source) and Ca₈–P (second effective phosphorus source), while it reduced the insoluble phosphorus source (O–P) content.
Quality and Crop Yield Potential of Moderately Degraded Alfisols Under Different Nutrient Inputs and Cropping Patterns
2019, Pedosphere
Crop performance on degraded soil needs special management practices to overcome soil quality limitations. In a 2-year (from summer 2006 to winter 2007–2008) field trial on a moderately degraded Alfisol in Swabi District (34°7′12″ N, 72°28′20″ E), Pakistan, the effects of three cropping patterns, cereal-cereal (CC), cereal-legume (CL), and cereal-cereal and legume intercrop (CLI), were tested in main plots under four fertilization treatments in sub-plots, including no fertilization (control), farmers′ practice (FP, 60:45 kg ha⁻¹ N:P₂O₅), recommended dose (RD, 120:90:60 kg ha⁻¹ N:P₂O₅:K₂O), and integrated nutrient management (INM, 20 t ha⁻¹ farmyard manure integrated with 50% N, 100% P, and K of recommended dose), using a split-plot randomized complete block design. The performance of CL was superior than CC in plant height, leaf area index (LAI), cob length, grain yield, biological yield, and grain protein (8%, 26%, 8%, 5%, 10%, and 8% increases, respectively), while CLI confirmed significant improvement only in LAI (25%) over CC. Response to nutrient inputs from all sources was in the order of INM > RD > FP > control, and the maximum net economic return by INM (23% and 2.5 times higher than RD and FP, respectively) indicated severe deficiency of both macro- and micro-nutrients in the soil as well as degraded physical properties. Increases in soil organic matter, total N, total mineral N, available P and K, total porosity, and available water-holding capacity by 6%, 34%, 24%, 50%, 13%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, and decrease in soil bulk density by 4% after four crop seasons indicated optimistic changes in soil quality as a result of the combined effects of fertilization from organic and inorganic sources and legumes within crop rotation. This study suggests that keeping the soil covered under cereal-legume rotation crops all year round and treatment with INM (50% N from organic source and 50% from inorganic source) are the best management practice for sustained production on degraded Alfisols.

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¹: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2005CB121102), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-424-2) and the West Star Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization1

Abstract

Soil Tillage Res.

Anal. Chim. Acta.

Availability of phosphate applied to calcareous soils of West Asia and North Africa

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Phosphorus sorption by three cultivated savanna Alfisols as influenced by pH

Fert. Res.

Effect of previous additions of phosphate on phosphate adsorption by soils

Soil Sci.

Modelling long-term phosphorus leaching and changes in phosphorus fertility in excessively fertilized acid sandy soils

Europ. J. Soil Sci.

Phosphorus forms and desorption patterns in heavily fertilized calcareous and limed acid soils

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Differential phosphorus retention in soil profiles under no-till crop production

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Fertilizer input to field ecosystem of the plateau gully region

Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Inhibition of hydroxyapatite precipitation in the presence of fulvic, humic, and tannic acids

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils

Fert. Res.

Phosphorus desorption dynamics in soil and the link to a dynamic concept of bioavailability

J. Environ. Qual.

Long-term fertilization effect on the forms of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science

The phosphorus level of soils and environmental protection of water body

Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

Soil nutrients cycling and balance in agroecosystems of China: III. Status of nutrients cycling and balance in agroecosystems of China

Chinese Journal of Soil Science

Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization¹