Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with P seudomonas putida GM6 from Activated Sludge

doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60074-5

Pedosphere

Volume 17, Issue 5, October 2007, Pages 624-629

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60074-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) method is widely adopted for phosphorus removal from waste-water, yet little is known about its microbiological and molecular mechanisms. Therefore, it is difficult to predict and control the deterioration of the EBPR process in a large-scale municipal sewage treatment plant. This study used a novel strain isolated in the laboratory, Pseudomonas putida GM6, which had a high phosphate accumulating ability and could recover rapidly from the deteriorated system and enhance the capability of phosphorus removal in activated sludge. Strain GM6 marked with gfp gene, which was called GMTR, was delivered into a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) of low efficiency, to investigate the colonization of GMTR and removal of phosphorus. After 21 days, the proportion of GMTR in the total bacteria of the sludge reached 9.2%, whereas the phosphorus removal rate was 96%, with an effluent concentration of about 0.2 mg L⁻¹. In the reactor with the addition of GMTR, phosphorus was removed quickly, in 1 h under anaerobic conditions, and in 2 h under aerobic conditions. These evidences were characteristic of EBPR processes. Field testing was conducted at a hospital sewage treatment facility with low phosphorus removal capability. Twenty- one days after Pseudomonas putida GM6 was added, effluent phosphorus concentration remained around 0.3 mg L⁻¹, corresponding to a removal rate of 96.8%. It was therefore demonstrated that Pseudomonas putida GM6couldbeused for a quick startup and enhancement of wastewater biological phosphorus removal, which provided a scientific basis for potential large-scale engineering application.

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The extent of denitrifying phosphorus uptake depends on the nitrate load, that is, if the nitrate load exceeds the denitrification potential of OHOs, then only significant denitrifying phosphorus uptake would be mostly observed (Hu et al., 2002). Of late, significant progress has been made in the isolation of DPAOs from the genera Acinetobacter (Kishida et al., 2006), Pseudomonas (Tian-Ming et al., 2007), Aeromonas (Wang et al., 2008), Bacillus (Ma et al., 2011), Planctomycetes (Liu et al., 2009), Paracoccus (Liu and Li, 2015), Candidatus (Nguyen et al., 2011, 2012; Zeng et al., 2016) . Denitrifying phosphorus removal has gained pronounced attention in the recent past, as it demonstrates certain improvements over EBPR methods.
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Phosphorus and nitrogen removal by a novel phosphate-accumulating organism, Arthrobacter sp. HHEP5 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification: Safety assessment, removal characterization, mechanism exploration and wastewater treatment
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However, due to the unknown P removal abilities of the enriched PAOs, EBPR system frequently fails to operate reliably with poor P removal efficiency (Seviour et al., 2003). And adding efficient PAOs could be fundamentally helpful to the stable and efficient operation of EBPR, shortening the adaptation time and vastly increasing the P removal efficiency (Li et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2007). While, till now, most studies focus on the process improvement or microbial analysis of EBPR system and overlook the acquisition or application of PAOs (Seviour et al., 2003), resulting in extremely rare numbers or species of PAOs and hindering the efficient P removal of EBPR system.
A novel phosphate-accumulating organism (PAO), Arthrobacter sp. HHEP5 was isolated from mariculture effluents. It produced no hemolysin and was susceptible to most antibiotics. It had removal efficiencies of above 99% for 1–10 mg/L phosphorus at 18–28 °C, pH 5.5–8.5, salinities 0–3%, C/N ratios 5–20, P/N ratios 0.1–0.2 and 20–260 rpm. It exhibited simultaneous aerobic phosphorus removal, nitrification and denitrification with the highest ammonium, nitrite, nitrate removal efficiencies of 99.87%, 100%, 99.37%. Phosphorus removal was accomplished by assimilating phosphate with the existence of polyphosphate kinase completely under aerobic condition. Genes involved in nitrogen removal were amplified. 99% of phosphorus and 95% of nitrogen in both mariculture and domestic wastewater were removed by HHEP5. This study provided sound methods for future screening of PAOs and new perspectives for renewed cognition of phosphorus removal process. Wide adaptation and remarkably aerobic phosphorus, nitrogen removal performances would make HHEP5 a promising candidate in wastewater treatment.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in aerated stirred tank reactor using aerobic bacterial consortium
2016, Journal of Water Process Engineering
Recently, some studies in the field of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) have reported that anaerobic zone is not mandatory and EBPR could be accomplished under fully aerobic conditions. This study investigated the EBPR performance of a bacterial consortium in a fully aerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) fed with synthetic wastewater containing molasses as the sole carbon source. Total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the feed was varied between 1.4 and 40 mg/L. The results showed that TP removal efficiency was over 90% up to 20 mg/L of influent TP concentration but decreased to 62% and 30% at 30 and 40 mg/L of influent TP concentrations, respectively. TP removal efficiency was affected more by its own concentration in the influent. COD and NH₄⁺-N removal efficiencies largely remained unaffected by different TP concentrations. Further investigations showed that TP was transformed to intracellular storage of polyphosphate (poly-P) with single stage aerobic process. The primarily reason for TP removal was the synergistic activity among the individual strains of phosphate solubilizing and accumulating microbes. Based on tracer studies, dead space in CSTR was found to range from 1.5–2.5%. The flow pattern in the CSTR was classified as completely mixed.
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Citation Excerpt :
Many studies have reported that Accumulibacter was present in relative abundance (4–22% of all bacteria) in full-scale sludge, and was concluded to be an important organism contributing to P removal in EBPR plants [7]. Acinetobacter, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas species have also been considered as members of microorganisms in EBPR [8] and pure PAO strains have been introduced into the P removal from water [4,9–11]. Pure PAOs showed some advantages in P removal, such as a shorter time for adaptation than the EBPR system [4] and they could be used as immobilized cells suitable for industrial application [12,13].
Phosphorus (P) in wastewater is a main factor causing eutrophication, and removal of low concentrations of P (≤ 1.0 mg L^− 1) is an important, but not fully studied topic. The removal of low content of P is rather difficult or expensive. To develop alternative biological methods for the removal of low concentration P, polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria in surface sediment of Taihu Lake in China were isolated and characterized. Among these bacteria, a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain YG-24 was found to be able to remove 97% to 100% of P in a synthetic wastewater with total P less than 1.0 mg L^− 1. After immobilization by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate, this strain still showed high percentage of P removal, and maintained high efficiency in five sample loading cycles. In addition, the immobilized cells displayed better pH-resistance than free cells. The removal of P in overlying water sample collected from Taihu Lake was also satisfactory. These results demonstrated the potential of using immobilized cells of YG-24 to remove low concentrations of P in wastewater treatment.
Biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor with single-stage oxic process
2008, Bioresource Technology
The performance of biological phosphorus removal (BPR) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with single-stage oxic process was investigated using simulated municipal wastewater. The experimental results showed that BPR could be achieved in a SBR without anaerobic phase, which was conventionally considered as a key phase for BPR. Phosphorus (P) concentration 0.22–1.79 mg L⁻¹ in effluent can be obtained after 4 h aeration when P concentration in influent was about 15–20 mg L⁻¹, the dissolved oxygen (DO) was controlled at 3 ± 0.2 mg L⁻¹ during aerobic phase and pH was maintained 7 ± 0.1, which indicated the efficiencies of P removal were achieved 90% above. Experimental results also showed that P was mainly stored in the form of intracellular storage of polyphosphate (poly-P), and about 207.235 mg phosphates have been removed by the discharge of rich-phosphorus sludge for each SBR cycle. However, the energy storage poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) was almost kept constant at a low level (5–6 mg L⁻¹) during the process. Those results showed that phosphate could be transformed to poly-P with single-stage oxic process without PHA accumulation, and BPR could be realized in net phosphate removal.
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: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30500010 and 50308011).

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Pedosphere

Abstract

References (20)

Intracellular carbon flow in phosphorus accumulating organisms from activated sludge systems

Wat. Res.

Methods for detection and visualization of intracellular polymers stored by polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms

J. Microbiol. Meth.

The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems

FEMS Microbiol. Rev.

Ecology of the microbial community removing phosphate from wastewater under continuously aerobic conditions in a sequencing batch reactor

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

Which are the polyphosphate accumulating organisms in full-scale activated sludge enhanced biological phosphate removal systems in Australia?

J. Appl. Microbiol.

Isolation and characterization of strain GM1 with high capability of accumulating poly-P

Acta Pedologica Sinica

The accumulation of polyphosphate in Acinetobacter spp

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

Some physiological characteristics of Acinetobacter spp. accumulating large amounts of phosphate

Water Sci. Technol.

Microbiological basis of phosphate removal in the activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater

Microb. Ecol.

Use of green fluorescent protein to monitor survival of genetically engineered bacteria in aquatic environments

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

Cited by (21)

Nutrient removal from domestic wastewater: A comprehensive review on conventional and advanced technologies

Phosphorus and nitrogen removal by a novel phosphate-accumulating organism, Arthrobacter sp. HHEP5 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification: Safety assessment, removal characterization, mechanism exploration and wastewater treatment

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in aerated stirred tank reactor using aerobic bacterial consortium

Removal of low concentration of phosphorus from solution by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri YG-24

Biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor with single-stage oxic process

Atmospheric Particles Alter Microbial Diversity in Urban Wetland Ecosystems