Pedosphere 36(1): 212--228, 2026
ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P
©2026 Soil Science Society of China
Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press
| Application of washing agents for moderately and severely arsenic-contaminated soil: Types, mechanisms, factors and comparative analysis |
Hai LIN1,2, Xiaoyin LI1, Junfei LIU1,2, Yingbo DONG1,2 |
1 School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China);
2 B eijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083 (China) |
| ABSTRACT |
| The remediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil is essential for achieving sustainable environmental and agricultural development. Among various techniques, soil washing has emerged as a promising method due to its rapid, efficient, and thorough decontamination capabilities. This review critically examines the application of soil washing technology in the treatment of As-contaminated soil. Specifically, this paper discusses the mechanisms of four types of washing agents (inorganic detergents, chelating agents, surfactants, and microbial agents), focusing on processes such as acid dissolution, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and chelation, and the factors affecting washing efficiency. The concentration of washing agent and the initial pH are the key factors influencing the washing effect. The paper also summarizes the application conditions and the corresponding removal rates for different individual washing agents and compares their effectiveness, biodegradability, and environmental impacts. Among these, natural chelating agents are highlighted for their promising potential in As removal. While individual washing agents show certain effectiveness, the combined use of multiple washing agents and the optimization of washing sequence are necessary to achieve superior remediation outcomes. The synergistic effects of combining natural chelating agents with reducing agents, surfactants, and inorganic washing agents, as well as the integration of nanomaterials with chelating agents and microbial agents are summarized, demonstrating their efficiency and stability in soil remediation. By reviewing the current state of research, this paper provides essential insights for the selection of washing agents and the optimization of washing parameters in the remediation of As-contaminated soil. |
| Key Words: chelating agents|microbial agents|soil remediation|soil washing|surfactants|washing efficiency |
| Citation: Lin H, Li X Y, Liu J F, Dong Y B. 2026. Application of washing agents for moderately and severely arsenic-contaminated soil: Types, mechanisms, factors and comparative analysis. Pedosphere. 36(1): 212-228. |
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