Pedosphere 33(2): 343--354, 2023
ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P
©2023 Soil Science Society of China
Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press
| Long-term manure application increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization through accumulation of unprotected and physically protected carbon fractions |
Muhammad Nadeem ASHRAF1,2, Cheng HU3, Xiangru XU1, Tariq AZIZ4, Lei WU1, Muhammad Ahmed WAQAS5, Muhammad FAROOQ6, Xu HU1, Wenju ZHANG1 , Minggang XU1,7 |
1Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081(China);
2Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040(Pakistan);
3Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064(China);
4Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara 56130(Pakistan);
5Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081(China);
6Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123(Oman);
7Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031(China) |
| ABSTRACT |
| Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) mineralization are important biogeochemical processes associated with soil fertility. These processes are influenced by physically, chemically, and biologically stabilized SOC fractions, the mechanisms of which are not well known. The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of manure and mineral fertilizers on the contents of SOC fractions to promote the mineralization of SOC and N. Treatments included: i) no fertilizer control (CK); ii) a combination of mineral N, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers (NPK); iii) manure alone (M); iv) manure combined with NPK (MNPK); and v) a high dose of manure combined with NPK (hMNPK). The combined uses of manure and mineral fertilizers (MNPK and hMNPK) enhanced the accumulation of the unprotected coarse particulate organic carbon (C) fraction (cPOC) by 44%-72% compared to CK. Manure applications (M, MNPK and hMNPK) enhanced physically microaggregate-protected organic C (μagg), physicochemically protected organic C within the microaggregate-derived silt (μsilt) fraction (H-μsilt), and physicobiochemically protected organic C within the μsilt fraction (NH-μsilt) by 30%-56%, 62%-150%, and 27%-51%, respectively. In contrast, all chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions showed a minor response to manure application. Accumulation of cPOC, μagg, H-μsilt, and physicochemically protected organic C within the microaggregate-derived clay fraction (H-μclay) significantly contributed to the mineralization of SOC and N, resulting in a significant increase in rice grain yield with long-term manure application. In summary, long-term combined use of manure and mineral fertilizers improved SOC accumulation in unprotected and physically protected fractions, which enhanced SOC and N mineralization and benefited soil productivity in a rice-wheat cropping system. |
| Key Words: fertilization strategy,grain yield,organic C fraction,organic matter stabilization,protection mechanism |
| Citation: Ashraf M N, Hu C, Xu X R, Aziz T, Wu L, Waqas M A, Farooq M, Hu X, Zhang W J, Xu M G. 2023. Long-term manure application increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization through accumulation of unprotected and physically protected carbon fractions. Pedosphere. 33(2): 343-354. |
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