Pedosphere 29(6): 773--783, 2019
ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P
©2019 Soil Science Society of China
Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press
| Glyphosate Dissipation in Different Soils Under No-Till and Conventional Tillage |
Elena OKADA1,2 , José Luis COSTA2, Francisco BEDMAR3 |
1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Balcarce 7620(Argentina)
2Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA), Balcarce 7620(Argentina)
3Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce 7620(Argentina) |
| Corresponding Author:Elena OKADA |
| ABSTRACT |
| Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in Argentina, accounting for 62% of the commercialized pesticides on the market. It is used as a weed controller in no-till systems, and it is also applied to various genetically modified crops (e.g., soybean, corn, and cotton). Although it has a high solubility in water, it tends to adsorb and accumulate in agricultural soils. The main objectives of this work were to compare the dissipation of glyphosate and the accumulation of its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) over time in three soils from agricultural areas of Argentina under long-term management with no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices. There were no differences in dissipation between NT and CT, indicating that the glyphosate-degrading microflora was not modified by the different tillage managements. Moreover, tillage practices did not alter the general soil properties; therefore, glyphosate bioavailability was not affected by NT or CT practice. Forty percent of the applied glyphosate was degraded within the first three days in all soils, indicating a fast initial dissipation rate. However, the dissipation rate considerably decreased over time, and the degradation kinetics followed a bi-exponential (or two-compartment) kinetic model. No differences were found between tillage practices. Dissipation was not related to the microbial activity measured as soil respiration. The fast decrease in the concentration of glyphosate at the beginning of the dissipation study was not reflected in an increase in the concentration of AMPA. The estimated half-lives for glyphosate ranged between 9 and 38 d. However, glyphosate bioavailability decreases over time, as it is strongly adsorbed to the soil matrix. This increases its residence time, which may lead to its accumulation in agricultural soils. |
| Key Words: aminomethylphosphonic acid,bioavailability,biodegradation,herbicide,metabolite,pesticide,two-compartment kinetic model |
| Citation: Okada E, Costa J L, Bedmar F. 2019. Glyphosate dissipation in different soils under no-till and conventional tillage. Pedosphere. 29(6):773-783. |
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