Pedosphere 13(3): 239--248, 2003
ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P
©2003 Soil Science Society of China
Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press
| Phosphorus concentration and forms in surface and subsurface drainage water from wetland rice fields in the Shaoxing plain |
| ZHANG Mian-Kui, JIANG Hong and LIU Xing-Mei |
| Department of Resource Sciences, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China) |
| ABSTRACT |
| Phosphorus (P) is the limiting factor for eutrophication in most freshwater ecosystems. In China, P transported from intensively cultivated land has been reported as an important source of P in surface waters. In this study, we investigated P concentration and forms in surface and subsurface drainage from wetland rice fields in the Shaoxing plain, Zhejiang Province, China. From selected rice fields, surface drainage samples were collected at rice-growing, non-growing and fertilization periods, and subsurface drainage samples at drought and rewetting (irrigation or precipitation after 5-10 d drought period in the surface soils) and wet (drainage under long-term wet soil condition) periods. Water samples were characterized for their total reactive P (TRP), dissolved reactive P (DRP) and particulate reactive P (PRP). Concentrations of the TRP and DRP in the surface drainage ranged from 0.08 to 1.50 and 0.06 to 1.27 mg L-1, respectively. The TRP and DRP were dependent on field operation activities, and decreased in the order of fertilization period > rice-growing period > non-growing period. Phosphorus concentration of runoff receiving P fertilizer can be an environmental concern. The PRP concentration in the surface drainage, ranging from 0.01 to 0.57 mg L-1, accounted for 8%~78% of the TRP. Concentration of the TRP in the subsurface drainage was from 0.026 to 0.090 mg L-1, consisting of 29%~90% of the DRP and 10%~71% of the PRP. In the drought and rewetting period, the PRP accounted for, on average, 63% of the TRP, much higher than in the wet period (23%), suggesting that there was transport of P in preferential flow during drainage events after a short-term drought period in the surface soils. Therefore, P losses in particulate form may be important in the subsurface drainage from rice fields when surface soils form cracks and favor rapid flow downward through the soil profiles, suggesting the important role of water-dispersible colloid particles in mediating and co-transporting P in the subsurface drainage of rice fields. |
| Key Words: drainage, phosphorus, wetland rice field |
| Citation: Zhang, M. K., Jiang, H. and Liu, X. M. 2003. Phosphorus concentration and forms in surface and subsurface drainage water from wetland rice fields in the Shaoxing plain. Pedosphere. 13(3): 239-248. |
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