Chromium from Hydrolyzed Leather Affects Soybean Growth and Nodulation

doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60360-6

Pedosphere

Volume 29, Issue 1, February 2019, Pages 95-101

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60360-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

Hydrolyzed leather, obtained from industrial leather waste, is an organic nitrogenous fertilizer with a high chromium (Cr) content. Soybean crops can be adversely affected by the presence of residual Cr in soil after application of hydrolyzed leather fertilizer. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of hydrolyzed leather on Cr absorption, root development, and symbiotic nodulation of soybean plants grown on three different soils including two Lixisols and a Gleysol. These soils were previously fertilized with hydrolyzed leather at three different rates (0.0, 0.1, and 0.8 kg m⁻²). Soybean shoot height, root development, nodulation, and mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues were determined after 45 d of crop growth. The application of hydrolyzed leather significantly increased Cr content in soil and Cr uptake by plants. Surprisingly, Cr was stored mainly in the aerial part of the plants. The presence of Cr had an adverse impact on shoot dry matter (41% reduction) and number of nodules (49% reduction) per plant grown on the soil with the lowest cation exchange capacity. However, no other significant effect was observed in nodule weight, diameter, or any other measured parameters.

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Leather-based fertilizers from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) reverse logistics: Technical efficiency and environmental safety
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Agriculture and industry are seeking healthy food and enough goods to meet the global demand without causing environmental impacts, which motivates the search for sustainable and eco-efficient technologies. This study focuses on reverse logistics in the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) industry. Chrome-tanned leather shavings from the manufacture of PPE and post-use leather PPE were used to produce leather-based fertilizers (LBFs), which were evaluated for their agronomic efficiency and food safety. N-rich liquid LBFs were successfully produced through hydrolysis, either with or without previous chromium extraction. At the dose of maximum technical efficiency, LBFs are safe, with acceptable levels of Cr in the plant biomass and the soil compartments. However, LBF overdoses promote Cr accumulation in plants and soils, which demonstrates the need for a rigorous control over the fertilization management to ensure successful PPE reverse logistics.
Adsorption of toxic metal ion in agricultural wastewater by torrefaction biochar from bamboo shoot shell
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Citation Excerpt :
Due to its high toxicity and mobility, Cr(VI) is persistently harmful to the environment and humans. It is the current focus and difficulty how to economically and efficiently remove Cr(VI) from agricultural wastewater (Fu et al., 2021; Liang et al., 2021; Bavaresco et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2015a). In late years, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, phytoremediation, adsorption, and other technologies have been applied for the detoxification of agricultural wastewater containing toxic metals (Wang et al., 2018; Hejna et al., 2020).
The purpose of this study is to design the oxygen-rich biochar through torrefaction for the detoxification of toxic metals in agricultural wastewater. The optimum operation parameters, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic study are investigated. The influence of torrefaction biochar on toxic metal adsorption is analyzed by using site energy distribution theory. The adsorption mechanism is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Two-dimensional FTIR analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are further used to inquire the prior interactional sequence between surface functional groups and poisonous metals. The results indicate that the sorption mechanism of Cr(VI) is ascribed to the adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism that some redox-active components provide electrons for Cr(VI) reduction. Surface complexation is mainly the Cu(II) sorption mechanism with a small content of Cu(II) reduction to Cu(I). The catechol hydroxyl group is the main form of phenol-OH on the TBC surface.
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Citation Excerpt :
To an estimate, over 600 hundred tanneries from the major cities of Pakistan release untreated wastewater into the local drains which in turn are frequently used for irrigating the agricultural fields (Afzal et al., 2014; Abid et al., 2019). It is pertinent to mention here that solid leather waste is also used as a nitrogen source in many countries including USA (Bavaresco et al., 2019); but it may contain Cr (5–30 g kg−1) contamination (Ciavatta et al., 2012). Nonetheless, tannery effluents contain a significant amount of Cr in hexavalent (Cr6+) and trivalent (Cr3+) forms (ATSDR, 2012), former being more soluble and mobile (Saha et al., 2011).
The influence of varying concentrations of tannery wastewater was studied on cotton and brinjal plants. Tannery effluents were provided at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% concentrations and data for various growth, biochemical and ion attributes were recorded successively at 20, 40 and 60 days after effluent treatments. Plant treated with different effluent exhibited a prominent reduction in growth traits of root and shoot at all three harvests. Maximum inhibition in growth was evident at 50% effluent application followed by 40% and 30% respectively. The increasing effluent concentrations inversely inhibited NRA activity and reduced total soluble proteins in both the plant species. A concentration dependant bioaccumulation of chromium and sodium was recorded while potassium and calcium ions exhibited reduction. Brinjal plants had higher Cr bioaccumulation (at all harvests) compared with cotton plants. In an overall assessment, irrigation with tannery effluents at all concentrations especially at 40% and 50% concentrations were toxic for both cotton and brinjal cultivation and it is further proposed that leather tannery effluent should not the used for irrigation of agricultural fields.
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Pedosphere

Abstract

References (34)

Effects of high chromium applications on miscanthus during the period of maximum growth

Environ Exp Bot

The chromium issue in soils of the leather tannery district in Italy

J Geochem Explor

Effects of dichromate on growth and root system architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

Plant Sci

Response of roots of trees to heavy metals

Environ Exp Bot

A study on the uptake of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by paddy (Oryza sativa): Possible chemical modifications in rhizosphere

Agric Ecosyst Environ

Chromium toxicity in plants

Environ Int

Toxicological Profile for Chromium

Chrome dynamics in soil fertilized with leather hydrolyzed protein (in Portuguese)

Chromium (III)-iron interaction in Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient bean plants. I. Growth and nutrient content

J Plant Nutr

Acúmulo de cromo e seus efeitos na fixação biológica de nitrogênio e absorção de nutrientes em soja

Rev Bras Agroc (in Portuguese)

Manual Fertilization and Liming to the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (in Portuguese)

Chromium-containing organic fertilizers from tanned hides and skins: A review on chemical, environmental, agronomical and legislative aspects

J Environ Prot

Resolução 420, de 28 de Dezembro de 2009 (in Portuguese)

Temporal changes in soil partitioning and bioaccessibility of arsenic, chromium, and lead

J Environ Qual

Differential uptake and transport of trivalent and hexavalent chromium by tumbleweed (Salsola kali)

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

World Reference Base for Soil Resources

Plant Analysis Handbook: A Practical Sampling, Preparation, Analysis, and Interpretation Guide

Cited by (6)

Leather-based fertilizers from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) reverse logistics: Technical efficiency and environmental safety

Adsorption of toxic metal ion in agricultural wastewater by torrefaction biochar from bamboo shoot shell

Phytotoxic effects of varying concentrations of leather tannery effluents on cotton and brinjal

Contributions of the Circular Economy to the Leather Life Cycle: A Theoretical Review and Integrative Framework Proposal

Pennisetum sinese: A potential phytoremediation plant for chromium deletion from soil

Preparation and application of zero valent iron immobilized in activated carbon for removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic effluent